To ensure the scholarly integrity of every article, Bentham Open publishes post-publication notices. The authors of the published articles, or those who have submitted the manuscripts with false information, or fabricated the supporting data or images, will be liable for sanctions, and their papers will be retracted.

Bentham Open will issue a correction notice in case of any correction or omission causing a change in interpretation of the article. This applies to cases, including mislabeled figures, missing integral funding and/or other information, and authors' competing interests.

There can be major or minor errors/ corrections. Major inaccuracies or omissions are changes that affect the clarity and integrity of an article. Minor errors do not affect the overall meaning of the text.

A separate correction notice will accompany the major errors/ corrections. The correction notice will provide precise details of the mistakes and the revisions/alterations that have been incorporated in the final version.

To rectify the significant error or omission, the Publisher will:

• Amend the online version of the article.
• Issue a separate correction notice that will be connected to the revised version of the article.
• Add a footnote to the article, which will be hyperlinked to the correction notice.

There will be no separate correction notice for minor errors/ corrections. Again, a footnote will be added to the article stating that it has been modified to update the readers. Any decision to issue retraction notice for an article will be taken in accordance with COPE guidelines available at: https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/fabricated-data-published-article-cope-flowchart.pdf

Early View articles that include errors, or are determined to violate the publishing ethics guidelines such as multiple submission, fake claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data or the like, may be “Withdrawn” from the journal. Upon withdrawal, the article files are removed and replaced with a PDF stating that the article has been withdrawn from the journal in accordance with Bentham Open Editorial Policies.

Bentham Open journals ensure that the research work is original and unpublished electronically or in print. Only research that represents original work or a thesis available on a preprint server, and is not published anywhere else, is considered.

Bentham Open journals only cater to those articles that are not submitted elsewhere for publication. Those authors who have made simultaneous submissions may be liable to a penalty. The authors must cite the previous research work and specify how their submitted manuscript varies from their previous articles. The authors will be asked to provide a reference for their earlier research work, published or under review in order to meet the criteria of manuscript submission. In case the author uses his/her own text from a previous publication other than the Methods section, then it should be mentioned in the text. Consent from the copyright holder is required in cases where the authors reuse figures or a considerable number of words from previously published articles.

For the projects presented at conferences, Bentham Open will consider the extended versions of the manuscripts provided it is declared in the cover letter. Furthermore, the article should have the previous version cited and mentioned, and in case of unpublished and original content, necessary permissions must be obtained.

The redundant publication refers to the publication of the same data more than once, resulting in rejection or a request to merge the submitted manuscripts and the rectification of published manuscripts. Seriously flawed or misleading content (plagiarised publication) may cause retraction of the article, and the authors may be penalized.

Adding the name of an author with just the aim of increasing the number of citations to a research work or the manuscripts previously published in a particular journal may result in sanctions for the author. Similarly, the editors and reviewers should not encourage authors to add references just to increase citations to their own or an associate’s work, to the journal, or to another journal they are associated with.