An Overview on the Mechanisms of Myocardial Damage in Hypertension and the Diagnostic Contribution of Cardiospecific Troponins T and I



Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin1, 2, *
1 Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia.
2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia.

Abstract

Hypertension (HT) is one of the most common cardiovascular (CV) pathologies and a key risk factor for the development of CV disease and its complications. There are two main etiopathogenetic types of HT: primary and secondary. As a result of HT, damage to many organs (heart, blood vessels, retina, etc.) can occur. These organs are considered the main target organs in HT and assessment of their condition plays an important role for optimal management of patients with HT. Increased levels of cardiospecific troponins T and I, localized in the main type of myocardial cells (cardiomyocytes), may indicate myocardial damage. At the same time, the degree of myocardial damage may correlate with the degree of increase in cardiospecific troponins T and I. In recent studies, cardiospecific troponins T and I have established themselves as early and highly specific criteria for myocardial damage not only in myocardial infarction, but also in many other cardiac (e.g., arrhythmias, endocarditis, myocarditis, takotsubo syndrome, or cardiomyopathy) and extra-cardiac (e.g., renal failure, sepsis, or diabetes mellitus) conditions. Many authors suggest using cardiospecific troponins T and I as prognostic markers for the above pathologies. Thus, the determination of cardiospecific troponins T and I can provide additional diagnostic advantages in the management of patients with pathological conditions that damage the myocardium. The purpose of this article is to systematize information about the pathogenetic mechanisms of myocardial damage in HT and to consider the diagnostic contribution of cardiospecific troponins T and I for the management of patients with HT.

Keywords: Myocardial damage, Mechanisms, Cardiospecific troponins, Troponin T, Troponin I, Prognosis.

Abstract Information


Identifiers and Pagination:

Year: 2023
Volume: 17
DOI: 10.2174/18741924-v17-e230517

Article History:

Electronic publication date: 17/05/2023
Collection year: 2023

© 2023 Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


* Address correspondence to: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia; Tel: + 7 (927) 770-25-87; E-mail: alekseymichailovich22976@gmail.com